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Course Introduction to Ibsen, Strindberg, and Shaw


- What is the tragedy of the modern family? How are family members expected to “perform”? And can the theater even begin to portray the comedy and tragedy (or tragicomedy) that is modern life?

- This course covers mostly Naturalist Drama, and ends with a discussion of the Brechtian and Artaudian theater.

- We will read and consider the performance histories of Scandinavian, Irish, French, and German theater: Ibsen, Strindberg, Ernst Rosmer (Elsa Bernstein), Shaw (Mrs. Warren's Profession, Candida), and Wedekind. Students will leave with a profound appreciation for the development of modern Europe and its playhouses.

Course goals:

-    Historical/Literary Epochs: Sophisticated Command of Naturalist Theater

-    Genre: Ability to appreciate different interpretive and research strategies when discussing drama (texts) and performances

-    Comparative Prowess: Contrasts and Similarities between Scandinavian, Irish, and German Plays

-    Appreciation for the Gender Issues in Modern Drama and Culture


- Writing: An ability to make an original argument, distinguish your thinking from other scholars', and to show a sophisticated understanding of scholarly debates and concerns in Naturalist Drama, and modern feminism

MLA Citation

1. How to cite a review from Purdue Online Writing Lab
2. Indirect in-text citations

Ibsen planned for Nora to lose "faith in her moral right and ability to bring up her children" (qtd. in Innes 79).

3. Dictionaries

In text: The OED definition of the tarantella explains that it relates to a dance from Italy ("Tarantella").

Works Cited

Innes, C., ed. Cambridge Companion to George Bernard Shaw. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

"Tarantella." Oxford English Dictionary. 2011. Web.

The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 25. Jan. 2011


1. What causes hysteria?

- women with talent and energy living in oppressive environments, caretakers

- Freud: repressed sexual feelings

- 19th: excess of masculinity (women) and femininity (men)

2. What does it signify to identify a woman or a man as an hysteric? What's at stake in being an hysteric?

- dismissive of other concerns / problems: grief, sexual abuse, parenting anxieties/problems

- associated w/female body

3. In what ways is the hysteric a solution (or not) to the dilemmas of the New Woman?

Dilemmas: no career track, relationships with men difficult as a result, caretakers, usually isolated

4. What is the scholarly debate around hysteria at the end of the 19th century?

- To what extent is the hysteric an expression of feminism and feminist thought?

* "feminization of madness"
* skeptical about to what extent hysteria empowered women, or was an expression of feminist leanings

* what does the label of hysteria mean in this context?



What's useful about this genre of writing?

What's challenging about it?

What success(es) did you have with it?




What is challenging about literary research, and what ways did you find to help with those challenges?

What is the best article or book you found (and why)?

What scholarly discourse(s) did you discover in researching your topic?