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156) Two papers of Lipson et al.
Ludwik Kowalski (7/6/04)
Department of Mathematical Sciences
Montclair State University, Upper Montclair, NJ, 07043
According to Karabut (1), who used a Pd target in a glow discharge chamber, the rate of emission of energetic particles (alphas of 14 MeV) was about 1 per second. The glow discharge parameters were about 1000 volts and 450 mA. Lipson, however (2), using a Ti target in a similar apparatus (at the 2175 volts and 250 mA), reports the rate of 0.12 (plus or minus 0.02) per second. Does this big difference result from the use of different discharge parameters or from differences between the two cathodes? My guess is that Pd is a much better target than Ti, in terms of the yield. Why was this not discussed by Lipson? Would it be reasonable to work with Pd to get better statistics?
In another paper Lipson et al. (3) focus on the effect of the glow discharge voltage on the rate of cold fusion from Ti. Their figure 6, for example, shows that the yield of 3 MeV protons, increases from about 50 units at 805 V to 250 units at 2175 V. The units are tracks per cm2, at the same geometry and same current. The absolute yields, according to Figure 5, range from 1300 and 1550 protons per second. This seems to indicate that protons are dominant particles; the rate of emission of more energetic charged particles, according to 2, is only 0.01 per second, as indicated above. This can be compared to the protons/alphas ratio in experiments based on electrolysis. According to (2) that ratio is 6:1. Why is the protons/alphas ratio in the glow discharge (equal 1450/0.012) much larger than in the electrolysis? Why was this question not addressed by Lipson et al.?
The authors of quoted papers represent prestigeous research centers: (a) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, Urbana, IL, (b) Lebedev Physics Institute, of the Russian Academy of Sciences, c) Institute of Physical Chemistry, of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and (d) Lutch in Podolsk, Moskow Region..
References:
1) A.B. Karabut, “Generation of heat, long-living atomic levels in ...”; see item #13 on
my web site. This paper can be downloaded from the www.lenr-canr.org web site.
2) A. G. Lipson, A.S. Roussetski, G.H. Miley and E.I. Saunin, “Phenomenon of an
Energetic Charged Particle Emission From Hydrogen/Deuterium Loaded Metals,”
as presented at the 10th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Cambridge, MA,
2003. This paper can be downloaded from the www.lenr-canr.org web site.
3) A.G. Lipson, A.S. Roussetski, A.B. Karabut and G.H. Miley, “Strong Enhancement of
DD-reaction Accompanied by X-ray Generation in a Pulsed Low Voltage High-
Current Deuterium Glow Discharge with a Ti-Cathode.” as presented at the 10th
International Conference on Cold Fusion, Cambridge, MA, 2003. This paper can
also be downloaded from the www.lenr-canr.org web site.